Analyzing the Correlation between Urban Spaces and Place Attachment Evidence from: Narmak Neighborhood in Tehran

One of the key concerns of urban designers is the influence of urban space on individuals’ satisfaction as well as their attachment to a certain place. Thus, neighborhood social spaces with their design appear to be essential features of residential complexes. The current research purposes not only to elaborate on the part of urban spaces, but also attempts to recommend designing measures for residential complexes. Based on existing literature, the research has considered urban space features by taking into consideration Narmak neighborhood in the east of Tehran. Results confirmed the main role of urban spaces in the attachment to neighborhood. Security and tranquility were the two other important conditions for those inhabitants. Based on these outcomes, it is obvious that the physical characteristics have two significant roles in the neighborhood attachment; first, they simplify social activities and make available occasions to progress social attachment and second, improve qualitative design attributes

Analyzing the Correlation between Urban Spaces and Place Attachment Evidence from: Narmak Neighborhood in Tehran

One of the key concerns of urban designers is the influence of urban space on individuals’ satisfaction as well as their attachment to a certain place. Thus, neighborhood social spaces with their design appear to be essential features of residential complexes. The current research purposes not only to elaborate on the part of urban spaces, but also attempts to recommend designing measures for residential complexes. Based on existing literature, the research has considered urban space features by taking into consideration Narmak neighborhood in the east of Tehran. Results confirmed the main role of urban spaces in the attachment to neighborhood. Security and tranquility were the two other important conditions for those inhabitants. Based on these outcomes, it is obvious that the physical characteristics have two significant roles in the neighborhood attachment; first, they simplify social activities and make available occasions to progress social attachment and second, improve qualitative design attributes

Effect of Probiotics on Infantile Colic in Breast-Fed Infants: A Randomized Single-Blind Clinical Trial

Aim: This study examined the impact of probiotics on children's colic in breast-fed infants. Methods: This study was a randomized single-blind clinical trial. 100 infants were referred to pediatric gastroenterology clinic of Avicenna diagnosed by gastroenterologist of children who suffered from infantile colic and they were qualified after justifying parents and obtaining written consent. (IRCT registration number: IRCT2016082829573N1). Results: Results showed that there was a statistically significant difference in terms of crying time (p = 0.000) and the arrival and departure of the group. (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The outcomes indicated that using probiotics could reduce colic in infants and improve the quality of life in this grou

Visual servoing with safe interaction using image moments

The problem of image based visual servoing for robots working in a cluttered dynamic environment is addressed in this paper. It is assumed that the environment is observed by depth sensors which allow to measure the distance between any moving obstacle and the robot. Also an eye-in-hand camera is used to extract image features. The main idea is to control suitable image moments and to relax a certain number of robot's degrees of freedom during the interaction phase. If an obstacle approaches the robot, the main visual servoing task is relaxed partially or completely, while the image features are kept in the camera field of view by controlling the image moments. Fuzzy rules are used to set the desired values of the image moments. Beside that, the relaxed redundancy of the robot is exploited to avoid collisions. After removing the risk of collision, the main visual servoing task is resumed. The effectiveness of the algorithm is shown by several case studies on a KUKA LWR 4 robot arm

Sol-gel synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical evaluation of magnesium aluminate spinel nanoparticles for high-capacity hydrogen storage

In this research, we successfully synthesized magnesium aluminate (MgAl2O4) spinel nanoparticles using a sol-gel process, with stearic acid serving as a capping agent. The synthesis process involved calcination at 900 °C for 4 h, resulting in the formation of nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of approximately 12 nm, as determined through Debye–Scherrer analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The optical band gap was measured as 2.84 eV using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS) analysis. Additionally, we found the mean pore size of the nanoparticles to be 20.2 nm through Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. We characterized the resulting powders using various techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM). We conducted electrochemical investigations utilizing the Chronopotentiometry (CP) technique. The electrochemical analysis demonstrated that MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles exhibit a noteworthy hydrogen storage capacity of 4000 mAh/g, highlighting their potential as promising candidates for hydrogen storage applications. This comprehensive study underscores the successful synthesis, thorough characterization, and exceptional electrochemical performance of MgAl2O4 spinel nanoparticles, firmly positioning them as valuable materials for advancing hydrogen storage technologies

Assessment of microbiological quality of potable water distributed in buses of Karandish terminal

Background: Due to the lack of proper rail road and air transportation, most commutes in Iran are carried out by buses. In most cases, the water in the busses is used for passengers for drinking usage. Although this kind of water source has provided convince for the travelers, it could be a great risk in disease outbreak. The aim of this study is to determine the water quality in commuting buses of Shiraz Karandish terminal in winter 2011. Methods: The study is of descriptive-cross-sectional type. 48 samples were collected through quota sampling

Blockade of the Naloxone-induced Aversion in Morphine-conditioned Wistar Rats by L-Arginine Intra-central Amygdala

AbstractObjective(s)Single injection of naloxone, a selective antagonist of morphine, prior to the drug conditioning testing was used to investigate on morphine dependence.Materials and MethodsConditioning to morphine (2.5-10 mg/kg, s.c.) was established in adult male Wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) using an unbiased procedure. Nitric oxide agents were microinjected into the central amygdala prior to naloxone-paired place conditioning testing.ResultsThe results showed that morphine produced a significant dose-dependent place preference in animals. Naloxone (0.1-0.4 mg/kg, i.p.) injections pre-testing of the response to morphine (7.5 mg/kg, s.c.) caused a significant aversion at the higher doses (0.4 mg/kg, i.p.). This response was reversed by microinjection of L-arginine (0.3-3 µg/rat, intra-central amygdala) prior to naloxone on the day of the testing. The response to L-arginine was blocked by pre-injection of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) (intra-central amygdala).ConclusionA single injection of naloxone on the test day of morphine place conditioning may simply reveal the occurrence of morphine dependence in rats, and that the nitric oxide in the central amygdala most likely plays a key role in this phenomenon

Laparoscopic repair of iatrogenic long ureteral injury

Introduction: Transection of the ureter in laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is a rare iatrogenic complication. Its repair is possible by end-to-end anastomosis when the defect is short, but if there is a long defect, laparoscopic repair is a challenge. Methods: A 30-year-old man underwent modified RPLND of a clinically stage-A mixed germ cell of the left testis. While cutting the gonadal vein, 1.5 cm of the ureter was transected 2 cm below the renal pelvis and clipped by one of our residents. The injury was diagnosed immediately. After the completion of the modified RPLND, the clips were removed and a 20-mm defect of the ureter was seen precluding anastomosis. The kidney was dissected and pulled down 35 mm. The lower pole of the kidney was then fixed to the psoas muscle by a 2-0 vicryl, making anastomosis possible after an 8-mm spatulation of both sides. Anastomosis was done over a stent by interrupted sutures using 4-0 vicryl. Results: Leakage was 400 mL at the first postoperative day and ceased at the 4th day. On the control excretion urography, the kidney function was normal and a fullness of the caliceal system was seen. Conclusion: Long defect of the ureter that may occur in laparoscopic urological surgeries could be manageable laparoscopically using methods for shortening of the interval such as relocation of the kidney. Thus, a same approach as open surgeries can yield acceptable results in laparoscopic surgeries

Awareness, Treatment, and Control of Hypertension among 10663 Adults Based on the Baseline Data of the Kherameh Cohort Study

Background: A comprehensive strategy to reduce the complications of hypertension (HTN) should include prevention approaches, such as increasing awareness, early diagnosis, and adequate treatment. The present study aimed to assess awareness, treatment, and control of HTN and their related factors in Kherameh, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 10 663 individuals aged between 40 and 70 years using the Kherameh cohort data. HTN was defined as either systolic/diastolic blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg or taking medications. Logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between awareness, treatment, and control of HTN and demographic factors, comorbidities, and a family history of diseases. Results: Out of 10 663 participants, 4719 (44.3%) were men, and the average age of the participants was 51.94±8.27 years. The rates of the prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of HTN were 27.7% (95% CI, 26.86 to 28.54), 80.3% (95% CI, 79.56 to 81.04), 78% (95% CI, 77.22 to 78.78), and 53.6% (95% CI, 52.66 to 54.54), respectively. Age, gender, body mass index, and cardiovascular disease were associated with all the dependent variables in the regression model. Additionally, occupation, diabetes, chronic diseases, a history of cardiovascular disease in first and second-degree relatives and a history of chronic diseases in second-degree relatives were related to all the dependent variables except for treatment. Conclusion: A high percentage of the patients were aware of their disease, but a smaller proportion were on medication. Consequently, about half the patients had blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg